Correlation between high mobility group box 1 protein, tumor necrosis factor-α, and acute coronary syndrome

Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) is characterized by a complex multi factorial pathogenesis, which involves an inflammatory response, immune damage, and the activation of the blood clotting function. Thus far, researchers studying the fundamental mechanism of ACS have suggested that inflammation causes coronary atherosclerotic plaque instability and leads to the activation of endothelial cells, which results in the rupture of plaques and thrombus formation. In addition, the progression of thrombus formation is associated with inflammation, and the pro-inflammatory state appears to increase the risk of coronary artery thrombosis, which suggests that the inflammatory response plays an important role in the onset of ACS.

Study and development of algorithm of different skin diseases analysis using image processing method

Tele-dermatology is a system in the medical field of dermatology where telecommunication technologies are used to exchange information concerning skin conditions over a distance. The advantage of tele-dermatology is that the patients need not to be physically present in consultation room of doctor(s). We have collected (i) eczema, scabies, pyoderma, ringworm, psoriasis, MRSA skin disease images from the American Academy of Dermatology website. 

Our study found that Feature Extraction is an important aspect to aid the doctors or Automatic decisions making by computer algorithm to find the diseases of the skin amongst the all possible skin diseases. Our approach was Artificial intelligence based computer algorithm that would be able to make diagnostic decision to a good degree of accuracy. We found features namely, contrast, correlation, energy, maximum probability, entropy, smoothness, homogeneity based on STATISCAL THEORY. We computed the features from the digital images of skin. We found many of the above mentioned features do vary with good degree of margin for Different Skin diseases, but few of them are barely indistinguishable.

Deep vein thrombosis: A rare complication of varicella zoster infection

Chickenpox (varicella) is a benign illness caused by varicella zoster virus which occurs predominantly in childhood. The incidence in young adults is 90/100,000 population and falls steadily with age. The varicella-Zoster virus is a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpes viridae family. It affects only humans and the primary route of spread is via the respiratory tract. The incubation period from contact to appearance of the rash is 10- 20 days. Complications include pneumonitis, encephalitis, rare neurological sequelae including optic neuritis and transverse myelitis. Hematological complications of thrombocytopenia and purpura fulminans myocarditis, pericarditis, pancreatitis and orchitis have all been reported.

Prevalence and risk factors of new onset diabetes after liver transplantation (NODAT): A single Egyptian center experience

To estimate the prevalence of New Onset Diabetes after Liver Transplantation (NODAT) and to investigate the possible risk factors. Methods: This retrospective study comprises 213 patients subjected to living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). Patients’ data were collected from medical registry files for a period of two years after transplant. Results: Of the total 213 recipients, complete data for the whole study period were available for 164 recipients who were enrolled in this study. Fifty one 51 (31.1%) patients were already diabetic prior to transplantation. 

The prevalence of NODAT was 27.43% (31/113). Eight of NODAT cases (25.8%) were transient with recovery within 6-months period in 5/8 cases while the other 3 cases recovered in more than 6 months to a year. The only drug that showed statistically significant difference was tacrolimus (p=0.02). Interestingly, three pre-transplant diabetics (3/51, 5.9%) recovered after liver transplant with elimination of their anti-diabetic therapy. Conclusion: NODAT is a common medical complication that occurs in 27.4% of liver transplant recipients. 

Microbial dysbiosis and disease pathogenesis of endometriosis, could there be a link?

Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent inflammatory condition in women that is characterised by the ectopic growth of endometrial glands and stroma outside of the uterine cavity. Although there exists many theories for the pathogenesis of endometriosis, none has been successively confirmed as a direct cause for disease development. The human body comprises a diverse micro flora across all tissues that can have fundamental roles in health and disease.

The microbial flora in a healthy individual can vary remarkably between anatomical sites due to the physical and chemical properties of specific tissues. This includes the female reproductive tract, notably the vagina, which harbours a micro biota dominated byLactobacilli species. In addition, a core unique micro biome has been defined for the endometrium that also includes Lactobacilli spp. In this review we examine the possibility that endometriosis could result from microbial dysbiosis, whereby significant changes to the natural micro flora within the endometrium could reduce mucosal immune regulation in this tissue with concomitant expansion of pathogenic bacteria that trigger local tissue inflammation that could perpetuate the development of endometrial disease.

Take On the Colon Cancer

Colon cancer is the third most common cancer in incidence and mortality worldwide (Fearon et al., 1990), and one of the few cancers that can be prevented. Fortunately, this disease often starts from the beginning with abdominal pain and symptoms. 

Less than 10% of patients in stage I disease recurrence and does not benefit for whom adjuvant chemotherapy, 20% of patients in stage II disease have a recurrence and for whom adjuvant chemotherapy minimal benefit (Marshall, 2010) because in the early stages of colon cancer (stages I and II) tumor engulfed all the inner walls of the colon. In stage III colon cancer there are regional lymph node metastases and the administration of adjuvant chemotherapy have been seen a significant increase in survival (Meyerhardt et al., 2005). In stage IV colon cancer patients are with distant metastases, tougher regimes in the process of receiving treatment that is not common treatments (Boland et al., 2016).

Literature review on Bio degradable Nano spheres for Oral and Targeted Drug Delivery

Nano sphere systems have great potentials, being able to convert poorly soluble, poorly absorbed and labile biologically active substance into promising deliverable drugs. The core of this system can enclose a variety of drugs, enzymes, genes and is characterized by a long circulation time due to the hydrophilic shell which prevents recognition by the reticular-endothelial system. To optimize this drug delivery system, greater understanding of the different mechanisms of biological interactions, and particle engineering, is still required. Further advances are needed in order to turn the concept of nanoparticles technology into a realistic practical application as the next generation of drug delivery system.