Effect of structured patient education program on the knowledge level of mothers regarding childhood gastroenteritis and pneumonia at El-Raml Pediatric Hospital

Diarrhea and pneumonia are leading childhood killers; together, they are responsible for almost one quarter of all deaths in children under 5. There is nothing new or exotic about these two diseases. In fact they are some of the oldest and most common in the world; most children contract pneumonia and diarrhea at some point during childhood. Globally more than 1.4 million children die every year, from diarrhea and pneumonia, particularly in settings with limited access to health services, nutritious foods, basic sanitation and hygiene.

New Onset Diabetes after Liver Transplantation (NODAT): Myths and Facts

NODAT is considered as one of the crucial factors that limit the real time therapeutic efficacy of patients who undergo liver transplantation. While family history of Diabetes Mellitus, immunosuppressive treatment regimen used, obesity, and etiology of CLD are considered as chief contributors towards development of post-surgical NODAT in majority of liver transplantation cases, recent study results indicate otherwise. Most cases of NODAT are transient in nature i.e. the patients recover within six months to one year. Furthermore, the total percentage of people NODAT has also declined significantly in the recent past. Hence, a multifactorial and extended analysis of NODAT is crucial to accessing the real time therapeutic efficiency of the surgical procedure.

Fistulous communication between the circumflex artery and right atrium: Diagnostic imaging and surgical repair

Coronary artery fistulas are rare anatomic anomalies that may be congenital or acquired. The most commonly affected vessel is the right coronary artery while origination from the left circumflex is rare. A coronary fistula creates a left-to-right shunt eventually leading to ventricular overload and congestive heart failure. Due to the low incidence of coronary fistulas, data is limited with regards to treatment strategies. We report the successful treatment of a large fistulous communication between the circumflex artery and the right atrium by proximal and distal ligation of the circumflex artery and selective revascularization of the excluded marginal branch.

Correlation between high mobility group box 1 protein, tumor necrosis factor-α, and acute coronary syndrome

Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) is characterized by a complex multi factorial pathogenesis, which involves an inflammatory response, immune damage, and the activation of the blood clotting function. Thus far, researchers studying the fundamental mechanism of ACS have suggested that inflammation causes coronary atherosclerotic plaque instability and leads to the activation of endothelial cells, which results in the rupture of plaques and thrombus formation. In addition, the progression of thrombus formation is associated with inflammation, and the pro-inflammatory state appears to increase the risk of coronary artery thrombosis, which suggests that the inflammatory response plays an important role in the onset of ACS.

Study and development of algorithm of different skin diseases analysis using image processing method

Tele-dermatology is a system in the medical field of dermatology where telecommunication technologies are used to exchange information concerning skin conditions over a distance. The advantage of tele-dermatology is that the patients need not to be physically present in consultation room of doctor(s). We have collected (i) eczema, scabies, pyoderma, ringworm, psoriasis, MRSA skin disease images from the American Academy of Dermatology website. 

Our study found that Feature Extraction is an important aspect to aid the doctors or Automatic decisions making by computer algorithm to find the diseases of the skin amongst the all possible skin diseases. Our approach was Artificial intelligence based computer algorithm that would be able to make diagnostic decision to a good degree of accuracy. We found features namely, contrast, correlation, energy, maximum probability, entropy, smoothness, homogeneity based on STATISCAL THEORY. We computed the features from the digital images of skin. We found many of the above mentioned features do vary with good degree of margin for Different Skin diseases, but few of them are barely indistinguishable.

Deep vein thrombosis: A rare complication of varicella zoster infection

Chickenpox (varicella) is a benign illness caused by varicella zoster virus which occurs predominantly in childhood. The incidence in young adults is 90/100,000 population and falls steadily with age. The varicella-Zoster virus is a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpes viridae family. It affects only humans and the primary route of spread is via the respiratory tract. The incubation period from contact to appearance of the rash is 10- 20 days. Complications include pneumonitis, encephalitis, rare neurological sequelae including optic neuritis and transverse myelitis. Hematological complications of thrombocytopenia and purpura fulminans myocarditis, pericarditis, pancreatitis and orchitis have all been reported.

Prevalence and risk factors of new onset diabetes after liver transplantation (NODAT): A single Egyptian center experience

To estimate the prevalence of New Onset Diabetes after Liver Transplantation (NODAT) and to investigate the possible risk factors. Methods: This retrospective study comprises 213 patients subjected to living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). Patients’ data were collected from medical registry files for a period of two years after transplant. Results: Of the total 213 recipients, complete data for the whole study period were available for 164 recipients who were enrolled in this study. Fifty one 51 (31.1%) patients were already diabetic prior to transplantation. 

The prevalence of NODAT was 27.43% (31/113). Eight of NODAT cases (25.8%) were transient with recovery within 6-months period in 5/8 cases while the other 3 cases recovered in more than 6 months to a year. The only drug that showed statistically significant difference was tacrolimus (p=0.02). Interestingly, three pre-transplant diabetics (3/51, 5.9%) recovered after liver transplant with elimination of their anti-diabetic therapy. Conclusion: NODAT is a common medical complication that occurs in 27.4% of liver transplant recipients.